https://www.jlpa.ir/ Arshian Fars Jurisprudential and Legal Journal en daily 1 Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0330 Fri, 20 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0330 https://www.jlpa.ir/article_240714.html The expansion of cyberspace and social networking platforms has profoundly reshaped communicative structures and patterns of dress within Islamic societies. Adopting a descriptive–analytical approach and drawing upon Qur’anic sources, Prophetic and Imamic narrations (ḥadīth), Imāmī (Twelver Shiʿi) jurisprudential fatwas, and relevant legal instruments, this study investigates the relationship between the dissemination of content related to women’s dress in virtual spaces and the condition of chaste living (ʿiffah). The research initially operationalizes its key concepts and subsequently analyzes virtual manifestations of tabarruj (ostentatious self-display) and the scope of responsibility borne by users and content producers, with reference to established jurisprudential principles, including the prohibition of tabarruj, the rule of assistance in sin (iʿānah ʿalā al-ithm), the principle of blocking the means (sadd al-dharāʾiʿ), the rule of no harm (lā ḍarar), and the principle of preserving social order (ḥifẓ al-niẓām). The findings demonstrate that the publication or promotion of images and content that provoke sexual arousal, involve the display of adornment, or attract the attention of non-maḥram individuals—even within virtual environments—falls under religious prohibition from the perspective of Imāmī jurisprudence and may give rise to civil and criminal liability. The article concludes by proposing practical jurisprudential, legal, and cultural strategies, including the formulation of operational criteria for identifying relevant instances, clarification of the obligations of legislative and regulatory bodies, and the establishment of effective supervisory and educational mechanisms. https://www.jlpa.ir/article_240713.html A significant amount of lawsuits filed in judicial authorities are related to immovable property, including land, apartments, and others. One of the main and most important causes of these lawsuits and disputes is the failure to register transactions related to immovable property in the registration system; because ordinary documents are less reliable than official documents in terms of accuracy. Therefore, for a long time, a large part of real estate transactions have faced numerous and serious challenges due to the lack of official registration. The use of handwritten agreements and simple, non-expert contracts lacking legal and legal validity, as the usual and common methods of buying and selling property, has caused many problems for both individuals and the registration system, as well as for the law enforcement and judicial systems, due to the lack of transparency and official registration. As a result, instead of achieving peace of mind, which is the main goal of property transactions, individuals face long-term lawsuits in law enforcement and judicial authorities, frauds, and intermittent ownership claims. Therefore, there were many disputes between the parties regarding the transfer of properties with a regular title deed, properties without title deed, or properties with common title deed, as well as the transfer of properties with a regular deed. Therefore, the need for official registration of real estate transactions is felt as a correct legal solution to prevent these problems and on the other hand to create security for the parties to the transaction. The use and application of the law on determining the assignment of undocumented real estate is also a legal and legal solution to obtain a real estate document without an official document. The National Real Estate Registration Organization, which is in charge of this issue, In order to resolve these disputes and prevent any disruptions, including fraud, etc., the need for a law to prevent this problem was felt and a plan was put on the agenda to require the registration of immovable property transactions. Although this law was proposed in 1395, the plan was approved in 1403 and is about to be implemented. https://www.jlpa.ir/article_240707.html Factual matters may be regarded as a set of raw data and objective events presented by the parties to a dispute (claimant and defendant) in the course of proceedings. In both the Iranian and English legal systems, the amendment of factual matters is permissible in light of principles such as the principle of party control over the proceedings and the adversarial principle, and the purpose of such amendment may be to strengthen a party’s procedural position or to alter the position of the claim. The principal difference between these two systems lies in the scope and conditions governing the exercise of such amendments. In English law, greater flexibility exists, and the range of permissible amendments varies depending on whether they are made before or after service of the claim form. By contrast, in the Iranian system, where the amendment of factual matters entails a transformation in the essential elements of the claim, it is subject to limitations and strict regulations. This distinction reflects differing legal approaches to case management and to preserving the balance between the parties’ right of defense and the coherence of the judicial process. https://www.jlpa.ir/article_240712.html This article examines the possibility of conflict between the arbitration provisions contained in Iran's international treaties (especially bilateral investment treaties) and Iran's International Commercial Arbitration Law and other domestic laws. The main issue is whether Iran's domestic regulations conflict with Iran's international obligations in the field of arbitration? The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical and has been developed using library resources and international arbitration practice. The findings show that the main conflicts are manifested in three axes: the ability to arbitrate claims related to public and state property (arising from Article 139 of the Constitution and Article 457 of the Code of Civil Procedure), the application of the public order criterion (Article 34, Paragraph 2 of the International Commercial Arbitration Law) in the annulment or recognition of foreign arbitral awards, and finally the conflict of priority of compliance with the conditions contained in treaties. The proposed solutions include a narrow interpretation of public order, the use of international law doctrines such as the estoppel rule, and the need to clarify and include specific reservations when concluding and ratifying treaties. These measures are necessary to create a balance between national sovereignty and facilitating international trade in Iran. https://www.jlpa.ir/article_240711.html The emergence and expansion of artificial intelligence in recent decades have profoundly transformed the traditional boundaries of private law, confronting fundamental concepts such as will, fault, attribution, and legal personality with unprecedented challenges. In Iran’s legal system—founded upon an anthropocentric model and fault-based liability—the autonomous and unpredictable behavior of learning systems has undermined the centrality of the human actor, creating substantial gaps in identifying liable parties, compensating damages, and protecting personal data. Adopting a descriptive–analytical and comparative methodology, this paper examines these challenges in light of European legal instruments, particularly the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, 2016). The findings reveal that Iran’s private law lacks a coherent and responsive framework in three fundamental domains، civil liability, data protection, and intellectual property. To address these deficiencies, the study proposes four core reforms، (1) reconstructing liability models based on the degree of control and predictability of intelligent systems’ behavior; (2) enacting a comprehensive data protection law centered on an independent supervisory authority; (3) establishing a mandatory insurance mechanism for high-risk AI activities; and (4) exploring the possibility of conferring limited or functional legal personality on autonomous systems. These proposals aim to facilitate the transition from an anthropocentric to a technology-oriented and justice-based legal order, fostering constructive interaction between Iran and advanced legal regimes in the governance of artificial intelligence. https://www.jlpa.ir/article_242056.html The legal status of the legal acts of Safahi by an adult person, Aqil Rashid, is one of the controversial cases due to the fact that the knowledge of its foundations is unknown. The debate is about whether such acts can be revoked and whether there is a proof method for it or not, and that the answer to this issue is It is not clear and direct in the law.In this way, the approaches of Akal Mal to the invalidity of the philosophy of prohibition of usury and the narration of Haban Bin Manzar introduce the criteria of proof and the ability to invalidate the transaction of a healthy person with a proof method. Therefore, the result of the research of this research is the relative nullity of false acts. On the other hand, even though some actions are beyond the scope of logic and the necessity of the ability to detect losses, it does not mean the lack of the ability to detect and the necessity of declaring the invalidity of foolish actions. according to the guidance of the authority In order to distinguish between the claimant and the denier, it is the responsibility of the heirs to prove that they are dishonest, and the legality of the occurrence of benevolent contracts and unwise acts from the point of view of merchants in the field of daily transactions and provision of daily necessities is the responsibility of the judiciary.