Arshian Fars Jurisprudential and Legal Journal

Arshian Fars Jurisprudential and Legal Journal

Comparative Analysis of Private Law Challenges Arising from Artificial Intelligence Technology in the Iranian Legal System

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Aida Mokhtare 1
Leila Farahbakhsh 2
1 Assistant professor, Faculty member in Department of private law Apadana Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran (Corresponding Author).
2 MA student in Department of private law Apadana Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran.
Abstract
The emergence and expansion of artificial intelligence in recent decades have profoundly transformed the traditional boundaries of private law, confronting fundamental concepts such as will, fault, attribution, and legal personality with unprecedented challenges. In Iran’s legal system—founded upon an anthropocentric model and fault-based liability—the autonomous and unpredictable behavior of learning systems has undermined the centrality of the human actor, creating substantial gaps in identifying liable parties, compensating damages, and protecting personal data. Adopting a descriptive–analytical and comparative methodology, this paper examines these challenges in light of European legal instruments, particularly the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR, 2016). The findings reveal that Iran’s private law lacks a coherent and responsive framework in three fundamental domains، civil liability, data protection, and intellectual property. To address these deficiencies, the study proposes four core reforms، (1) reconstructing liability models based on the degree of control and predictability of intelligent systems’ behavior; (2) enacting a comprehensive data protection law centered on an independent supervisory authority; (3) establishing a mandatory insurance mechanism for high-risk AI activities; and (4) exploring the possibility of conferring limited or functional legal personality on autonomous systems. These proposals aim to facilitate the transition from an anthropocentric to a technology-oriented and justice-based legal order, fostering constructive interaction between Iran and advanced legal regimes in the governance of artificial intelligence.
Keywords
Artificial Intelligence
Private Law
Civil Liability
Data Protection
Legal Personality

Subjects

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